Tugas Soft Skill Bahasa Inggris Direct Speech and Nouns clause

Direct dan Indirect Speech

Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan struktur kalimat, tensis, pronoun (kata ganti orang), keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place).

Sebelum melangkah jauh ke sub-pembahasan tersebut di atas, alangkah baiknya ada juga mengerti tentang apa yang dimaksud Reporting Speech dan Reported Speech.

Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat direct speech yang di tandai oleh tanda petik (") dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik (").

• He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."
• He asked me, "why do you come late."

Sedangkan Reported Speech adalah baigan awal dari kalimat direct speech.

• He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."
• He asked me, "why do you come late."

1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat

Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu terdapat tanda petik ("). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.

Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata "that" atau "to" (untuk kalimat perintah). Misalnya:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."	He said that he had a present for me in his bag.
02	He asked me, "why do you come late."	He asked me why I came late.
03	He orderd me, "don't bring a bag."	He ordered me to didn't bring a bag.

Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya "yes-no question" maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	They asked me, "Do you want to join us to play football?"	They asked me if/whether I want to join them to play football.
02	He asked me, "Does she want to mary me?"	He asked me if/whether she wants to mary her.

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What, When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara sebagai berikut:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He asked me, "why do you come late?"	He asked me why you came late.
02	He asked me, "what does she eat?"	He asked me what she ate.
03	He asked me, "when did you come?"	He asked me when I came.
04	He asked me, "who are you?"	He asked me who I was.
05	He asked me, "who is she?"	He asked me who she was.

2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)

Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan tensis agar mudah dimengerti.

Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	Simple Present	Simple Past
02	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
03	Present Future	Past Future
04	Present Perfect	Past Perfect
05	Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
06	Simple Past	Past Perfect
07	Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous

Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	V1 (eat)	V2 (ate)
02	V2 (ate)	Had + V3 (had eaten)
03	Am/is/are	Was/were
04	Do/does	Did
05	Do/does not	Did not
06	Did not	Had not + V3
07	Was/were	Had been
08	Am/is/are + V-ing	Was/were + V-ing
09	Was/were +V-ing	Had been + V-ing
10	Has/have + V3	Had + V3
11	Will/shall/can/may/must	Would/should/could/might/had to
12	Could/might/should/would + V1/be	Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

3. Perubahan Pronoun

Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).

• Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He said, ‘I am busy.’	He said that he was busy.
02	She said, ‘I am unwell.’	She said that she was unwell.
03	I said, ‘I will be late.’	I said that I would be late.
04	They said, ‘We will not permit this.’	They said that they would not permit that.
05	We said, ‘We need to buy some clothes.’	We said that we needed to buy some clothes.

• Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada reported speech.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He said to me, ‘You have to come with me.’	He told me that I had to go with him.
02	She said to me, ‘You can go.’	She told me that I could go.
03	She said to him, ‘You can go.’	She told him that he could go.

• Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He said, ‘She is a good girl.’	He said that she was a good girl.
02	She said, ‘They have invited us.’	She said that they had invited them.
03	They said, ‘He does not have the necessary qualifications.’	They said that he did not have the necessary qualifications.

4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place)

Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	Now	Then
02	To day	That day
03	Tomorrow	The next day The day after The following day A day later
04	Next ...	The ... after The following ...
05	Last ...	The ... before The Previous ...
06	... ago	... before ... earlier
07	Yesterday	The day before The previous day The preceeding day
08	The day before yesterday	Two day before
09	Here	There
10	This	That
11	These	Those

Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas.

	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
(+)	He said, “I have a present for you in my bag. here”	He said that he had a present for me in his bag there.
(-)	He said, “I do not have a present for you in my bag”	He said that he did not have a present for me in his bag.
(?)	He asked, “Do I have a present for you in my bag?”	He asked me if/whether he had a present for me in his bag.
(?)	He asked me, “ Why do I have to have a present for you in my bag?	He asked me why he had to have a present for me in his bag.
(!)	He ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag here now!”	He ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then.
(!)	He ordered me, “Don’t bring your bag here!”	He ordered me not to bring my bag there.

Contoh Direct dan Indirect Speech:

Reporting	Contoh Direct Speech	Contoh Indirect Speech
Statement	“I’m not hungry now.” (Saya tidak lapar sekarang.)	He said that he was not hungry at that time.
Imperative	“Do not touch my computer!” (Jangan sentuh komputerku!)	She told me not to touch her computer.
Yes-no question	“Did you eat my cake?” (Apakah kamu makan kueku?)	She wanted to know if I ate her cake.
Information request	“Who is the winner?” (Siapa pemenangnya?)	He asked me who the winner was.

Cara Mengubah Direct Menjadi Indirect Speech

Pada dasarnya, direct diubah menjadi indirect speech dengan menghilangkan tanda baca kutip, menghilangkan huruf kapital didalam kalimat,  menambahkan that (optional), mengubah pronoun (menjadi orang ketiga), memodifikasi verb, mengoreksi time reference (waktu yang disebutkan dalam pembicaraan) dan/atau menambahkan whether atau if (conditional) . Berikut adalah beberapa penjelasannya .

Time References

Perbandingan time references pada direct dan indirect speech adalah sebagai berikut.

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
here	there
last month/year	the month/year before, the preceding month/year, the previous month/year
next month/year	a month/year later, the following month/year, the next month/year
now	at that time, then
today	that day
tomorrow	a day later, the following/next day
yesterday	the day before, the previous day
two days/weeks ago	two days/weeks before, two days/weeks earlier

Contoh perubahan time reference:

Contoh Direct Speech	Contoh Indirect Speech
“Will I receive the packet tomorrow?” (Akankah saya menerima paket tsb besok?)	He asked if he would receive the packet the following day.
“I have to return the book two days ago.” (Saya harus mengembalikan buku tsb dua hari lalu.)	She said that she had to return the book two days earlier.

Menambahkan whether atau if

Whether atau if ditambahkan untuk menyampaikan kalimat yes-no question yang telah didengar sebelumnya. Yes-no question merupakan bentuk pertanyaan yang membutuhkan jawaban yes atau no.

 Contoh Direct dan Indirect Speech:

Contoh Direct Speech	Contoh Indirect Speech	Keterangan
“Do you have a little time?” (Apa kamu punya sedikit waktu?)	He asked me if I had a little time.	Jawaban dari pertanyaan pada direct speech: Yes, I do atau No, I don’t
“Have you heard the news?” (Sudahkah kamu mendengar berita tsb?)	She wanted to know whether I had heard the news.	Jawaban dari pertanyaan pada direct speech: Yes, I have atau No, I haven’t

Soal Bahasa Inggris mengenai Materi Direct to Indirect Speech

Change from Direct to Indirect Speech
1. “Nestor said, “”The plane will probably get in late.”"”
(a) Nestor told the plane would probably get in late.
(b) Nestor said the plane would probably get in late.
(c) Don’t Know
2. “The boss said, “” I have to finish this report by tonight.”"”
(a) The boss said him had to finish this report by tonight.
(b) The boss said he had to finish this report by tonight.
(c) Don’t Know
3. “The doctor said, “” She’ll get well quickly.”"”
(a) The doctor told she’d get well quickly.
(b) The doctor said she’d get well quickly.
(c) Don’t Know
4. “The teacher said, “” Everyone has to write a 500 word essay for tomorrow.”"”
(a) The teacher told everyone had to write a 500 word essay for tomorrow.
(b) The teacher said everyone had to write a 500 word essay for tomorrow.
(c) Don’t Know
5. “Ricardo said, “” I saw that movie last week.”"”
(a) Ricardo told he had seen that movie last week.
(b) Ricardo said he had seen that movie last week.
(c) Don’t Know

6. “Ulises said, “”I’ve read that book.”"”
(a) Ulises said he had read that book.
(b) Ulises told he had read that book.
(c) Don’t Know
7. “Suzana said to her boyfriend, “”I can’t go tonight.”"”
(a) Suzana told her boyfriend she couldn’t go tonight.
(b) Suzana said her boyfriend she couldn’t go tonight.
(c) Don’t Know
8. “France said to me, “”I’ll finish this tomorrow.”"”
(a) France say me he’d finish this tomorrow.
(b) France told me he’d finish this tomorrow.
(c) Don’t Know
9. “She said to him, “”The lights aren’t working.”"”
(a) She say him the lights weren’t working.
(b) She told him the lights weren’t working.
(c) Don’t Know
10. “I said to the waitress, “”This bill is wrong.”"”
(a)I telling the waitress this bill is wrong.
(b) I told the waitress this bill is wrong.
(c) Don’t Know

JAWABAN SOAL BAHASA INGGRIS
1. b
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. b
6. a
7. a
8. b
9. b
10. b

            Pengertian Noun Clause

            Nouns clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai nomina. Atau dengan kata lain noun clause juga digunakan atau memiliki fungsi yang sama sebagai noun (kata benda). Karena fungsinya sebagai nomina, maka noun clause dapat berfungsi sebagai: subject kalimat (subject of a sentence), object verba transitif (object of a transitive verb), object preposisi (object of a preposition), pelengkap (complement), dan pemberi keterangan tambahan (noun in apposition). Untuk lebih jelasnya, silahkan perhatikan contoh-contoh di bawah ini.

Fungsi dan Contoh Noun Clause

     1.    Noun clause sebagai subject kalimat (subject of a sentence)

Contoh kalimat:

What you said doesn’t convince me at all.

(Apa yang kamu katakan tidak meyakinkan aku sama sekali)

How he becomes so rich makes people curious.

(Bagaimana dia menjadi begitu kaya membuat orang-orang menjadi penasaran)

What the salesman has said is untrue.

(Apa yang sudah dikatakan oleh pedagang itu tidak benar)

That the world is round is a fact.

(Bahwa bumi itu bulat adalah suatu kenyataan)

     2.    Noun clause sebagai object verba transitif (object of a transitive verb)

Contoh kalimat:

I know what you mean.

(Saya tahu apa yang kamu maksud)

I don’t understand what he is talking about.

(Saya tidak mengerti apa yang sedang dia bicarakan)

Please tell me what happened.

(Tolong katakana pada saya apa yang terjadi)

He said that his son would study in Australia.

(Dia mengatakan bahwa puteranya akan belajar di Australi)

Verb (kata kerja) yang dapat diikuti oleh noun clause, dalam hal ini diikuti frase “that-clause” antara lain:

Admit: mengakui

Realize: menyadari

Announce: mengumumkan

Recommend: menganjurkan

Believe: percaya

Remember: mengingat

Deny: menyangkal

Reveal: menyatakan, mengungkapkan.

Expect: mengharapkan

Say: mengatakan

See: melihat

Forget: lupa

Stipulate: menetapkan

Hear: mendengar

Suggest: menganjurkan

Inform: memberitahukan

Suppose: mengira

Know: mengetahui, tahu

Think: berpikiri, berpendapat.

Promise: berjanji

Understand: mengerti, memahami

Propose: mengusulkan

Wish: berharap

     3.    Noun clause sebagai object preposisi (object of a preposition)

Contoh kalimat:

Please listen to what your teacher is saying.

(Tolong dengarkan apa yang sedang di bicarakan gurumu)

Be careful of what you’re doing.

(Hati-hati dengan apa yang sedang kamu lakukan)

     4.    Noun clause sebagai pelengkap (complement)

Contoh kalimat:

The good news is that the culprit has been put into the jail.

(Kabar baiknya adalah pelaku kejahatannya sudah dimasukkan ke penjara)

This is what I want.

(Ini adalah apa yang aku inginkan)

That is what you need.

(Itu adalah apa yang kamu butuhkan)

     5.    Noun clause sebagai pemberi keterangan tambahan (noun in apposition)

Contoh kalimat:

The idea that people can live without oxygen is unreasonable.

(Ide/ gagasan bahwa orang dapat hidup tanpa oksigen itu tidak masuk akal)

The fact that Adam always comes late doesn’t surprise me.

(Kenyataan bahwa Adam selalu datang terlambat tidak mengejutkan saya)

Pengertian Noun Clause

• Noun Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda).
• Klausa kata benda ini dapat berfungsi sebagai subject maupun object didalam suatu clause atau phrase lain.
• Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, maka dapat digantikan dengan pronoun “it“.

Contoh:

• I forgot the fact. (noun)
• I forgot it. (pronoun)
• I forgot that the fact was very important. (noun clause)

Rumus Noun Clause

Noun clause dapat diawali oleh noun clause markers berupa question word, if atau whether, dan that. Adapun contoh noun clause pada clause lain beserta detail marker-nya dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Marker	Detail	Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat
Question Word	Question word: what(ever), what (time, kind, day, etc), who(ever), whose, whom(ever), which(ever), where(ever), when(ever), how (long, far, many times, old, etc)	The class listened carefully what the teacher instructed. (Seluruh kelas mendengarkan dengan teliti apa yang guru instruksikan.)
		The kitten followed wherever the woman went. (Anak kucing mengikuti kemanapun wanita itu pergi.)
		Many people imagine how many time the man was failed before success. (Banyak orang membayangkan berapa kali pria itu gagal sebelum sukses.)
if atau whether	biasanya digunakan untuk kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaan yes-no question	Where does Andy live? (Dimana Andy tinggal?)I wonder if he lives in West Jakarta. (Saya pikir dia tinggal di Jakarta Barat.)
		Is Andy live on Dewi Sartika Street? (Apakah Andy tinggal di jalan Dewi Sartika?)I don’t know if he live on Dewi Sartika Street or not. atau I don’t know whether or not he lives on Dewi Sartika street. (Saya tidak tahu jika dia tinggal di jalan Sartika atau tidak.)
that	biasanya that-clause untuk mental activity. Berikut daftar verb pada main clause yang biasanya diikuti that-clause:assume, believe, discover, dream, guess, hear, hope, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, realize, suppose, suspect, think	I think that the group will arrive in an hour. (Saya pikir rombongan itu akan tiba dalam satu jam.)
		Many people proved that the man was a big liar. (Banyak orang membuktikan bahwa pria itu pembohong besar.)

Fungsi Noun Clause

Berikut adalah contoh kalimat dari setiap fungsi noun clause.

Fungsi	Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat
Subject of a Verb	What she cooked was delicious.
	That today is his birthday is not right.
Subject complement	The fact is that she is smart and dilligent.
	A teacher must be whoever is patient.
Object of a Verb	Diana believes that her life will be happier.
	I want to know how Einstein thought.
Object of a preposition	The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty.
	He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body.

SOAL

1.      ....................was ringing continuously for hours.

(A) Loudly
(B) In the morning
(C) The phone
(D) The bells

Analisa:
·         Kalimat di atas memiliki Verb yaitu was ringing, tapi tidak memilikiSubject.
 Dari pilihan jawaban; (A) Loudly dan (B) In the morning salah karena keduanya adalah adverb.Jawaban (D) The bells juga salah karena bells adalah pluraldan tidak sesuai dengan wasringing yang berbentuk singular verb. Jawaban terbaik adalah (C) The phone karena phonesingular verbdan sesuai dengan singular verb was ringing.

2.      Newspapers _______ every morning and every evening.

(A) delivery
(B) are delivered
(C) on time
(D) regularly



Analisa:
·         Kalimat diatas memiliki Subject yaitu Newspapers, tapi tidak memilikiVerb.
·         Jawaban (A) delivery, (C) on time dan (D) regularly adalah salah karena mereka bukan subject.Jawaban (B) are delivered benar karena mereka adalah verb.

3.      The plane __________ landing at the airport in five minutes.

(A) it is
(B) it really is
(C) is descending
(D) will be

Analisa:
·         Kalimat diatas memiliki Subject The plane dan kata kerja landing. Tapi kata kerja landing belumlengkap (not complete verb) dan harus memiliki tobe is untuk menjadikan kata kerja itu kata kerjayang lengkap (complete verb).
·         Jawaban (A) it is dan (B) it really is salah karena akan ada double Subject it dan plane. Jawaban(C) is descending salah karena ada double subject descending dan landing.
·         Jawaban terbaik adalah (D) will be karena kalau will be di gabungkan dengan landing akan menjadicomplete verb.






            4.         A dream about falling ______
 (A) scary is
 (B) is scary
 (C) are scary
 (D) very scary is
Analisa:
·         A dream about falling is scary, karena subjek, A dream, merupakan subjek tunggal danmembutuhkan to be singular yang berperan sebagai verbs untukcomplements adjectives, scary.





             5. _____ this blog on july 14th 2009
 (A) launch
 (B) launching
 (C) launched
 (D) will launching
Analisa:
·         I launched this blog on July 14th 2009, karena kalimat berbentukpast tense jika dilihatdari modifier time yakni, on July 14th 2009, sehingga jawabannya memerlukan verbs dalam bentuk verb 2 untuk memeuhi aturansimple past tense, jadi jawabannya adalah launched.

     

      1.      Last week, our cat gave birth in the kitchen, but we don’t know where……….…….

                  a.       Is our cat

                  b.      Our cat is

                  c.       Our cat was

                  d.      Was our cat

      2.      Now, our cat is home again and we can’t believe how many…………………

                  a.       Kittens does she have

                  b.      Kittens has she

                  c.       She has kittens

                  d.      Kittens she has

      3.      Can you imagine?

                  a.       How cute they are

                  b.      How cute are they

                  c.       How they are cute

                  d.      Are they cute?

      4.      The Kittens ar so noisy that I can’t hear what……………………

                  a.       Are saying you

                  b.      That you are saying

                  c.       Saying you

                  d.      You are saying

     

      5.      My husband said…………have to keep them all.

                  a.       Don’t we

                  b.      That shouldn’t

                  c.       That we shouldn’t

                  d.      That we don’t

sumber :

Soal dan Jawaban Bahasa Inggris DIRECT to INDIRECT SPEECH | Belajar Bahasa Inggris Yuk Reported Speech (Indirect Speech) - Read Online at SharePDF.net Reported Speech (Indirect Speech) - SharePDF.net Browse : Soal Dan Jawaban Tentang Indirect Direct Present Tenses - SharePDF.net Browse : 10 Soal Tentang Direck And Indirect Speech - SharePDF.net  

10 soal tentang indirect speech - Google Search Pengertian dan Contoh Indirect Speech Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) pengertian indirect speech - Google Search pengertian reported speech atau indirect speech - Google Search